Destructive Electromagnetism Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation

Ruinous Electromagnetism Ruinous Electromagnetism Presentation Electromagnetism exists all over the place. At the point when individuals drive, walk, or even go to the sea shore. In any case, because of the extraordinary unpredictability of the theme, electromagnetism has demonstrated to be a subject concentrated by the individuals who are cunning and willing enough to investigate the space. The thoughts of power start from straightforward items, for example, springs, curls and magnets that just made a current for an effect to either begin or light some article. Presently these hypotheses have extended to a point where our regular day to day existences are influenced by it. At the point when individuals start their vehicles for instance, a magnet turned by a flywheel creates flow through loops to help touch off the vehicles electrical framework. To put it plainly, electromagnetism exists wherever in our regular daily existences. There are numerous instances of electromagnetism affecting specialized objects of the present society. One specific model would be radar gadgets utilized for following boats, vehicles, or even submarines. The thoughts of conveying a sign made out of a flood of certain recurrence and frequency returned at a specific time can be utilized to discover articles or guide out a submerged area. Utilization of comparative procedures takes into consideration police officers to radar rates of drive-via vehicles. Albeit, shrewd architects have made secrecy gadgets that can veil their speed by tolerating the radar pillar and by scrambling it by means of recurrence changes or basically impart a similar sign back at a deferred time subsequently legitimizing a more slow speed. This is only a simple part of the employments of electromagnetism. Another conceivable use for electromagnetism would be on the disgusting side of devastation. There are numerous parts of electromagnetism. Probably the fiercest use is as a weapon. EM firearms, tanks, and gadgets are hurtful and more risky than typical weapons and rockets due to their non-ballistic style of weaponry. Shockingly, this loathsome thought is valid. Dates as far back as 1940 have demonstrated that EM weapons have had the option to demolish vehicles, specialized gadgets, and live well evolved creatures just by the utilization of electromagnetism. Various frequencies of EM waves demonstrated to make various impacts for the two vehicles and people. What's more, there have even been reports of EM weapons being utilized against nations. For instance, around the 1970's a US international safe haven inside Russia experienced a fire to one of the tables in an office inside the structure and the reason was never found until a specific researcher surrendered with another nation and recounted to his story. His story involved the Russians ?testing? their EM capacities on a l ive objective just to guarantee their innovative development. To put it plainly, EM weapons and electromagnetism when all is said in done represent a destructive danger to society for those individuals wish use it for an inappropriate reasons. Further exploration on EM firearms or gauss weapons is given in detail by a ton of work done by the University of Texas. Joined are purposes of contact and a short outline of the unlimited prospects of this subject. The new rush of weaponry exists in EM firearms. The possibility that an order post can pulverize a reinforced tank or vehicle from 5 to 10 miles away is excessively tempting to the individuals who flourish off the thoughts of war. Or on the other hand even reality that that equivalent order post can demolish an entire armed force of officers by simply forgoing an imperceptible shaft in their general course making the troopers flounder and cry in torment in light of the fact that their bodies hurt to such an extent. The idea of electromagnetism is a great subject and excellent craftsmanship inside itself. Tragically, as different things, when utilized the incorrect way even delightful things have the ability to be turned revolting. Science Essays

Interaction Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cooperation Design - Assignment Example 9. No, framework should focus on specialized issues. Reaction Sheet for Gardener # 2 1. Indeed, I might want to have a decent framework set up help me in planting. 2. I might want the framework to be my best advocate in cultivating. 3. Indeed, obviously I can impart my encounters to my framework. 4. Indeed, the framework should reveal to me the opportune time to grow a particular time. 5. No, I might want framework to educate me concerning pesticide. 6. Truly, framework should give me climate update. 7. No, I will design next harvest myself. 8. I might want to have a few custom and some prebuilt reports from the framework. 9. No, framework should focus on specialized issues. Reaction Sheet for Gardener # 3 1. Truly, I figure framework can help me in cultivating. 2. I might want the framework to be my best guide in planting. 3. Truly, I might want to include knowledge in my framework. 4. Truly, the framework should disclose to me the perfect time to grow a particular time. 5. No, I mi ght want framework to inform me concerning pesticide. 6. Indeed, framework should give me climate update. 7. No, I will design next yield myself. 8. I might want to have a few custom and some prebuilt reports from the framework. 9. It is acceptable I framework can foresee my arrangements. Reaction Sheet for Gardener # 4 1. Indeed, I might want to have a decent framework set up help me in planting. 2. I might want the framework to be my best guide in planting. 3. Indeed, obviously I can impart my encounters to my framework. 4. ... Record Trail In request to solidify the discoveries of poll and reaction of interviewees on different part of the framework, right now is an ideal opportunity to consolidate some inquired about based semantic substance into this report. There is a great deal of material accessible in cultivating books composed by space specialists. Besides, there are online gatherings, sites that can give some great understanding into the practices that nursery workers follow, and that can be used to improve the substance of the proposed Blossom Gardening System (BGS). The significance and utility of home planting is far more noteworthy than it is generally seen similar to a leisure activity and innovative interest. It can even be used for formative purposes. Ehui, John, Okike and Rockefeller (2004, p. 158) have called attention to a similar reality, â€Å"The association of governments on the side of cultivating has been negligible, and by and large just the wellbeing and sustenance divisions get i ncluded. Services of Agriculture (MoAs) will in general markdown the real or potential significance of home cultivating as a formative methodology. † Home planting likewise improve the stylish feeling of the nursery worker and moreover can be useful in crossing over the gap among urban and rustic ways of life. Additionally, planting can realize the harmony and solace in close to home and public activity. (Zimmerer, p. 137) Blossom Gardening System (BGS) will be intended to increase the skill of plant specialists of each level. It will give valuable tips and methods broadly utilized by these cultivators. This segment is the most significant fragment of BGS as a large portion of the cultivators will love to have most recent updates in the field, as new plants getting in, new fixes and deceives, climate impact refreshes, garden arrangements for new season et cetera. The program can

How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Samples

How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay SamplesKnowing how to write a cause and effect essay samples will make it easier for you when it comes time to actually write your essay. Most students get their ideas for essays from cause and effect examples.The problem is that there are a lot of cause and effect examples that simply do not apply to all situations. In order to improve your own writing, you need to understand what kinds of examples work well and which ones are not worth the paper they are printed on.One of the main parts of any successful essay is the introduction. The introduction is where you introduce yourself and the main idea of your essay. It is also the first part of your essay where you introduce the students who will be reading your essay.It is not hard to write an introduction because it doesn't take a lot of time and you can choose to include examples that will give your students an idea of the kind of material you are covering. These examples may be anything from cha racter studies to other forms of literature. It is also a good idea to choose something from the world of science fiction. It is the only type of literature where characters can actually cause problems to one another.Your introduction is generally the part of your essay that explains the basic topic of your essay. If you choose to use a science fiction example then you will want to make sure that your introduction explains the subject in a way that makes sense to the students.You should also make sure that you never plagiarize in any way. Plagiarism can lead to big trouble if someone tries to sue you later on down the road. Reading through sample essays by successful writers is a great way to get ideas for your own essay.You want to bring original thoughts to the table with your essay and have a way to explain them to your readers. Writing using examples is a great way to accomplish this. There are no limits to what you can learn from other people's essays and articles.Knowing how t o write a cause and effect essay samples will help you immensely when it comes time to actually write your essay. It is best to avoid using examples that do not apply to the topic at hand. Although this can be a helpful guide, it is very important to keep in mind that you are the author.

Tourism Destination Essay - 2377 Words

Task 1 Tourism as most dictionary comes from English ‘to tour’ which means to travel. Like a social and economic phenomenon began to be consolidated in Europe in 1880, in 1905 first definition being outlined showing that tourism in the modern sense, is a phenomenon of our time based on increased need for health recovery changing the environment, the birth and development of a sense of openness to the beauties of nature. The tourist can be a person moving for least 24 hours in other country or different from which is his residence. This tourist can travel for leisure, participating to conference, business trip, and cruise. In addition, we have domestic tourist this means any person who visiting other place than where is his domiciled†¦show more content†¦The easiest way to find attractions Whole Island is to rent a car. A week is not, of course, but never enough for a holiday is enough to leave Mallorca richer cultural, spiritual and relaxed. Public transport network ( bus and train) is still well done so you can explore the island even if you have driving license. In addition, if you want to feel truly free, rent a bike and go on the road. The capital of the Balearic Islands is the largest city in Mallorca; the population of the Palma municipality is approximately 450,000 at the beginning of 2008. Half the population of Mallorca lives in Palma. The city occupies the northwestern end of a bay in the south west of the island of Mallorca. The city council also have jurisdiction over the sub-archipelago of Cabrera including the islands of Cabrera, Conejera, Estella, Imperial, Rodon, Foradada, Plana, and Pobra. The name Palma dates back to the Roman settlement on the site of the present city, although the area was originally settled during the Bronze Age. In the early Middle Ages Arabs, who named it Madina Mayurqa, conquered it. In 1229, it was conquered by King Jaime I, ruler of Valencia and Aragon, and became an important trade city. Palma saw its dark ages in the 16th century, when a significant decline was caused by attacks from Turkish and Berber Pirates and through plague. Lasting until the 18thShow MoreRelatedThe Destination Of Tourist Tourism2115 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: As we all know now a day’s tourism has a great role to make the destination famous of all over world. Maximum destination’s economy grow by the tourism and that leads to more popularity. Many of tourist gets attracted towards the nature of beauty of the destination which makes the destination stronger, there are two factors which are particularly helps to the visitors to visit on the destination. 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The Protagonists’ Course of Life in the Texts...

Comparing and contrasting the protagonists’ course of life in the texts Metamorphosis and Eugenie Grandet Comparing and contrasting the protagonists’ course of life that was influenced by their relationships with money-minded characters in the texts Metamorphosis and Eugenie Grandet. To: Mrs. Monty Eugenie Grandet by Honore De Balzac and Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka are stories that reflect upon the relationships of simplistic protagonists, and their relations with money-minded people. Both protagonists (Gregor from Metamorphosis and Eugenie from Eugenie Grandet) are affected by the actions of their greedy relatives that influences the course their entire lives. Eugenie starts off living with her miserly, yet wealthy†¦show more content†¦The strong desire for money or luxury has distinguished the characters’ humane feelings in the two texts. Mr. Samsa and his family move away from Gregor since he loses the ability to produce money for them by turning into a bug. Gregor’s family now do not need him, hence â€Å"his family closed the door quickly behind him† and keep him locked away in his lonely room. For a while, Gregor’s sister, Grete takes good care of her brother and continues to love him, but unfortunately that does not last very long, and she is forced to get a job and go to work. That way she spends less time with her brother, and soon she develops a sense of disgust towards Gregor, and so she stops visiting him and left him in isolation. Similarly Charles, Eugenie’s love drifts away from Eugenie for financial purposes. Charles’ determination to regain his wealth and his father’s honour makes him leave Grandet. Ironically Grandet finances Charles’ initial steps by giving away her precious ‘coin box’ to Charles. He then returns after seven years and takes more money from Eugenie, just so that he can marry another wealthy girl, leaving his beloved in solitary, and Eugenie supports him out of the love she has for him. Both protagonists lose their most loved ones, simply because their loved ones run away from their emotional attachment because of materialistic attachments. In both texts the protagonists are the ones

Existentialism as Exemplified in ‘the Seventh Seal’

Existentialism as Exemplified in ‘The Seventh Seal’ The Seventh Seal is a 1957 Swedish film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. The film offers interwoven storyline. It starts with a game of chess between a medieval knight, Antonius Block, and Death – in which if Block won, Death will prolong the knight’s life. This game goes on in intermittent times. The knight is accompanied by his squire, Jà ¶ns, as they go back to the knight’s castle to be reunited with his wife. Throughout their journey, they come across various characters and people in the village who are struggling amidst the impending death brought about by the Black Plague. Block and Jà ¶ns met Jof and Mia, the couple who work as actors. There they have conversed with each†¦show more content†¦The existence of a Supreme Being is being summoned in situations where people are in need of such assistance. Truly a remarkable film, ‘The Seventh Seal’ effectively portrays this question in sight of existentialism. God, neither the devil, was not present. There was even a scene where Block asked the woman accused of having contact with the devil to summon the devil so that Block will be able to ask about the about the existence of God. Block was not able to see anything. As it turns out, the woman was falsely accused by the priest. Block came to a point where he asked the existence of God – when he confesses to Death, disguised as a priest – but Death himself did not give answers to this. Even at the end of the film, Death did not explain this to Block. Quoting Block, My life has been a futile pursuit, a wandering, a great deal of talk without meaning. I feel no bitterness or self-reproach because the lives of most people are very much like this. In what pursuit did he wasted his time into? Perhaps he was pertaining to his search for the existence of God. Aside from Block, a more existential character than him is introduced – his squire, Jà ¶ns. In Jà ¶ns’ conversation with the painter in the church, he mentioned that, This is squire Jà ¶ns. He grins at Death, mocks the Lord, laughs at himself and leers at the girls. His world is a Jà ¶ns-world, believable only to himself, ridiculous to all including himself, meaningless to Heaven and of no

Market Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco Industry free essay sample

The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355 and 16,580 full-time equivalent jobs (the range depends on the labor requirements per hectare), which is just a fraction of one percent of the total labor force (0. 08-0. 25%). Employment in tobacco manufacturing has fallen since 1990, from 6-7% of all manufacturing employment to 4-5% (the lower number refers to employment, the higher number also includes others engaged in the sector). Production volumes were fairly steady averaging around 5. billion sticks between 1995 and 1999, with a marked fall to 4. 6 billion in 2000. An estimated approximately 3 billion bidis are produced annually as well. There is no information on illegal production of so-called white cigarettes†. Average salaries and wages in the tobacco industry are about half the level for all manufacturing, and have fallen slightly in real terms during the 1990s. Manufacturing sector indirect tobacco employment is estimated to be small, of the order of 150 people. There are about 41,000 retailers that sell tobacco products, which typically account for only a small part of heir total turnover. The Sri Lankan tobacco industry is dominated by the Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC). The holding company of CTC is the British American Tobacco Company (BAT). BAT is the second largest tobacco company in the world. That is more or less a monopolistic situation in the island by the CTC. CTC contributed Rs. 31. 9 billion to the national economy of Sri Lanka in 2005. The increase of 14% over 2004 is mainly attributed to the increased excise rates on cigarettes and raids carried out by law enforcement authorities to minimize the presence of smuggled and illicit cigarettes in the market. The Company’s contribution totals 9. 5% of the country’s total revenue and 1. 49% of GDP. Sri Lanka continues to have the highest rate of taxation in the world on cigarettes at 80%. Export values of raw and manufactured tobacco have fallen, making Sri Lanka a net importer in tobacco trade, with a corresponding outflow of foreign exchange. 2. 0Sri Lankan Tobacco Market Structure Analysis Porter’s five forces model has been used to analyze the Sri Lankan tobacco market structure. Potential entrances †¢High due to high economies of scale. CTC produces in large scale of cigarettes where unit cost per stick has dramatically reduced. So new entrance cannot afford to offer this low price as CTC. †¢High product differentiation due to product branding. CTC offers various world class products such as Dunhill, John Player Gold Leaf and Benson Hedges. †¢Legal regularity government barriers. Banning of smoking in public places such as pubs, restaurants, public transports and all enclosed work places. Banned advertisement on television, radio, news papers and bill boards. High tax imposed by government that is more than 80% per stick. Furthermore the government policies such as â€Å"Mahinda Chinthanaya† are enforced to reduce the consumption of cigarettes. Bargaining power of buyers †¢Bargaining power buyers are more less reason being because it is a habitual product and more addictive. †¢On the other hand consumers show high brand loyalty. For example Gold Leaf smokers would consume same brand only. †¢Although the increase in taxes was passed on to the customers, demand for tobacco remained relatively high. Cigarettes distributed through very wide range of retail outlets, none with significant clout. Bargaining power of suppliers †¢Bargaining power of the tobacco leaf growers are low. Since subsidiary companies operate leaf growing programs through which they provide direct agronomy support to farmers if it is not otherwise available. So CTC has the direct control over the leaf growers. Even though the import option is als o available bargaining power of international suppliers also high due to huge demand worldwide. †¢When it comes to the tobacco leafs there exists low presents of substitutes. Threats of substitute †¢Threats of substitute are low †¢Herbal cigarettes, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis, Nicotine Patches, Nicotine Gums, Nicotine inhalers are among the substitutes. †¢Since high impose of the regulations and taxes, increasing number of illicit cigarettes can be seen. Rivalry Among competitors †¢There is low concentration of companies therefore competition is very low, the fact that there is heavy branding and brand loyalty supports this. In fact CTC is playing the monopolistic role where it enjoys the abnormal profits with the high market share. 2. The Private and Social Costs of Smoking Smoking creates a difference between private and social costs and benefits. Cigarette consumers derive private benefit from smoking and their habit entails a private cost. But the act of consumption creates negative externalities so that the social cost of exceeds the private cost. It is unlikely the smokers consider the external costs they are creating when they ar e lighting up. Smoker may also suffer from the information failure. So that they are not fully aware of the long term damage created by their smoking habit. That is they are over estimating the private benefit that they get from smoking. If smokers fail to consider the externalities they generate then market failure will occur which will lead to loss of social welfare. Because of the impact on human life, many of these externalities are impossible to value accurately in monetary terms. 2. 1. 1Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking If you consider the private consumption costs as follows, A 20 a day smoker will spend about Rs. 131400 year on cigarettes. People on low income spend proportionally more of their income on tobacco than wealthier people. Cigarettes are products with negative income elasticity of demand. So the health costs to the private consumer is about half of all regular cigarette smokers will be eventually killed by their habit from lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and heart disease. Increased health insurance costs with high premiums for smokers. Costs to the national health system of treating smoking related diseases are very high. Smoking itself is regarded as a major source of health inequalities. Lost output/productivity from working days lost and absenteeism caused by smoking related illnesses. Increased pressure on the welfare state/benefits system to finance those unable to work because of long term illness, plus the benefits paid to dependents of those who die young. Costs created by household fires linked to smoking. Cigarettes are major source of street litter and it will create cleaning and building maintenance costs dramatically. 2. 1. 2Explaining the Market Failure Consumption of cigarettes creates external costs. Therefore the social cost exceeds private cost. Private optimum is where marginal private cost (the cost of an extra unit consumed) equates with the marginal private benefit (the satisfaction from an extra unit). Social optimum takes into account the social cost. Without intervention, the self interest of smokers will lead to cigarettes being over consumed and under priced by the market. So without a marker for pollution smokers can continue to pollute without penalty. Following figure 1 illustrates the market failure due to smoking. Figure 1: Illustrating market failure 3. 0Taxation and Regulations If cigarettes and other related products are classified as demerit goods then market failure can occur. In this case there is an economic rationale for some form of government intervention in market mechanism. Different intervention strategies are possible as follows, †¢Use of Taxation of cigarettes products. †¢Command and control through regulation. †¢Education Health awareness to alter demand. †¢Increase government spending on behavioral treatments and pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement and non-nicotine medications) in order to reduce tobacco dependence. In each case we need to consider the effectiveness of each form of intervention, related issue of equity (fairness) to different groups. 3. 1Command and Control of the industry Sri Lanka has the highest tobacco taxes in the Asian region. Over 80% of the final retail price is tax (VAT, green taxes and excise duty). The average tax composition in other nations is around 55 percent. The aim of higher taxation is to increase the real cost of purchasing and consumer cigarettes. Higher prices should control demand by reducing the real incomes of cigarette smokers and increasing the opportunity cost of continuing to smoke. Lower consumption rates reduce output towards the social optimum reducing the extent of market failure. Taxation is also justified on the grounds of making the polluter pay for the external costs that are created. Extra revenue from taxation can be used to find improvements in the health care (e. g. the concept of an ear-marked tax) Can impose following regulations, †¢Legal restriction on consumption. oBanning smoking in all sort of public places †¢Legal bans on the importation of cigarettes in Sri Lanka. †¢Health and safety at work act oIncluding an obligation on employers to protect. Employees from passive smoking. Creating separate smoking areas in the work place. †¢Regulation on tobacco products labeling. †¢Legal restriction on advertisement. Banning direct advertisement on public media such as TV, radio, print media, internet etc. Even there is a ban on indirect advertisement such as sponsoring sports like cricket Benson Hedges tournament. Government directives †¢Sets maximum upper limit of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide for cigarettes sold. †¢Health warnings must occupy at least 30% of the front surface of the pack and 40% of rear. †¢Directive bans words such as light or mild as part of a brand name. †¢Taxes on cigarettes should represent a minimum of 80% of the final retail price. Formulation of Government Policies †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœMahinda Chinthanya’ is the good example as it addresses ways and means to reduce cigarette consumption by 2012 under ‘Mathata Thithak’ programme. 3. 2Indirect Taxes and Price Elasticity of Demand Figure 2: Indirect taxes price elasticity of demand The figure 2 shows the impact of increases in tax depends on the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes. Price elasticity (responsiveness) will vary across different groups of consumers that are younger and older smokers, males and females. 4. 0Problems and Future Forecast 4. 1Problems Demand tends to be price inelastic therefore high rates of taxation are required to alter demand to any great extent. The burden of the tax tends to fall most on low income consumers suggesting that cigarette taxes are regressive. As the real value of taxation rises, so too does the incentive to smuggle in cheaper imports leading to increases tax evasion. People are motivated to use inferior quality products due to high price of legal products. The tobacco industry point to the many thousands of jobs at risk in tobacco manufacturing, distribution and retailing that might be lost if taxation reaches a penal rate. Education and health awareness campaigns: Market failure can be caused by information failure. Consumers may be unaware of the short and longer term health risks associated with smoking. If education and health awareness programs are effective, some consumers may revise their estimated benefit from consumers may revise their estimated benefit from consumption. Information shocks such as the publication of research studies with significant new information on the health effects of smoking, and health warnings have the effect of reducing demand. Following figure 3 shows this effect more clearly. Figure 3: Reduce of demand with the health awareness 4. 2Future Forecast Even though tobacco industry in Sri Lanka will face increasing higher tax rates and regulations with other nongovernmental pressure groups, the industry is still very profitable despite current regulations. Also, there are other very promising markets such as Africa, Asia and East Europe. However, there will be a question mark on the future of the tobacco industry if these markets also start restricting tobacco sales. It is also known that global and local cigarettes demands are declining as a whole specially in urban markets. 5. 0Recommendations The image of the tobacco company is very important since they are dealing with the very controversial product. It is a well know marketing fact that a companys image plays a vital role in marketing its products. It is well known that there are various ill effects associated with tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the tobacco industry is banned from direct promotions through various media. Therefore, it is important to such companies to find alternative ways to increase their market share. Due to this reason Tobacco Companies can take the following measures to enhance their public image. †¢Can conducted best agro practices with the Ministry of Agriculture †¢Can donated funds to be used to for the benefit of the flood victims Tsunami house reconstructions. †¢Can sponsored the National Quality Awards and Productivity Awards †¢Can contribute to develop rural information communication (ICT) infrastructure by building Information Technology centers. †¢Can back up the artists exhibiting or supporting a book publication Investigate on possibility to develop new types of cigarettes, which actually do not have any medical implications while providing the relevant satisfaction to the smoker. That is potential non smoking safe nicotine sources. More than six percent of the total production of tobacco is smuggled causing losses in revenue and taxes, it might be necessary to form a strategic alliance with the local governments to combat this issue. Ultimately tobacco companies should work to increase the market share since the overall decline in the tobacco market. They should be competitive on quality and price and deliver what the customer demands. They could incorporate good management practices in the reduction of cost. One of the major tasks of companies is to drive productivity (good management practices in the reduction of cost). The three pillars that we work on in order to do this are concentrating on both acquisitive and organic growth, productivity and responsibility because we are marketing a controversial product. Increase advertisements in growing markets in other regions where there are no heavy regulations and restrictions on tobacco industry. Can use more subliminal advertisement in movies. Industry can continue using colored packaging that is each brand has its own color like Benson Hedges are doing advertising indirectly; Gold Leaf is selling in red colored packages. The tobacco industry can also use other products like clothes shoes and caps carrying the brand names of the companies. Smokers Clubs: Companies can sponsor pipe and cigar smokers clubs. This will consist of reserving special times for the clubs to meet and affording them the chance to sample new tobaccos and cigars. This will provide them with a unique opportunity to draw in these high-end customers as there are no such clubs in the metro area. Newsletter: A bi-monthly newsletter can be sent out to interested customers. This newsletter will provide details on new magazines and tobacco products as well as special promotions. For example CTS’s Social Report. New Product Announcements Postcards announcing new additions and features will be mailed out to interested customers as a supplement to the newsletter. It is highly likely that smokers already pay the social cost of smoking given the high level of current tax. Therefore the best argument for increasing taxes is the normative judgment that smoking is bad for people and the government should intervene to reduce demand. In Sri Lanka, BAT has promoted its brands by sponsoring lavish discos at which young, attractive women (called golden girls) work the crowd, handing out cigarettes and encouraging customers to smoke them. Numerous door prizes are given away: key rings, shirts, caps, etc. While young Sri Lankans groove to the latest dance music, a laser light writes Benson Hedges on the walls. BAT also sponsors pop music magazines and rock groups in Sri Lanka, and manages to skirt a ban on cigarette advertising on the radio by underwriting a Golden Tones Contest on the English-language radio station that has a large teen audience. When indirect methods of sports and entertainment sponsorship do not seem to be enough, the companies can always use more direct appeals. In Kandy, Sri Lankas second largest city, BAT has paid to paint the logo of one of its most popular brands on the front wall of a prestigious girls high school and the scoreboard of an exclusive boys high school. BAT also hires young women (at five times the average salary of a university graduate) to drive around the country in bright red Gold Leaf cars and jeeps, giving out free cigarettes and promotional items on college campuses, shopping malls and other places where young people gather.